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What Is A Calibrated Microphone?

If you are using a system for measurements you will need a calibrated microphone test. A calibrated microphone test is used for many reasons.
You can trace the measured data to standard reference to meet the requirements of a standard test procedure. You can also use a calibrated microphone test to assure yourself that the measurement system does not drift from day to day. If you use a calibrated microphone you should know a little about the ways microphones are calibrated.

You will find that there are two different ways that microphones are calibrated. The two methods are the reciprocity method and the comparison method. When using laboratory microphones the calibration should be by a primary technique. Because it depends only on measurements of mass, time, length, and ratios of other primary quantities, the reciprocity method is a primary method.

There are many microphones that prevents calibration using the reciprocity method.

You will find that the comparison method is easy and can be used with any microphone. To use the comparison method you will measure the response of a known calibrated microphone to that of an uncalibrated microphone. In this way you will be able to determine the response of the previously unknown microphone.

You will usually be able to do a simple check of the system in which the microphone is used. In most cases microphone calibration is actually a system calibration. When you want to get a sound lever meter you can simply attach the proper microphone diameter adapter to the calibrator. Then you put the microphone of the sound level meter into the cavity, turn on the meter and the calibrator. Then confirm the reading which should be 94dB, 114dB, or 124dB. The readings will vary depending on the calibrator you are using and the level to which it is set.

For calibrated microphones the most common calibrator used is the kind that is made up of a small loudspeaker element at one end of a cavity in a casing. This casing contains the electronics. The best calibrators also have a small microphone built right into the cavity.

You may find several fairly inexpensive calibrated microphones. This type of calibrated microphone usually has a tiny electret condenser omni directional capsule that is packaged in a traditional tapered-snout profile or a cigar-sized tube. You may find that this more affordable calibrated microphone will fit your needs and provide adequate performance when used in crossover network design tweaking, woofer/enclosure measurements, sound equipment equalization, and speaker production line quality.

A calibrated microphone can be used for many things and is available in more than one price range.